Microorganisms free fulltext human herpesvirus 8 and. It may also exist in a circular episomal form during latency. Hhv8related tumours occur almost exclusively in immunocompromised patients, mostly. Whereas intense virus shedding from the wildebeest occurs predominantly during the first 90 days of life, lambs do not shed virus until after 5 months of age. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv 8, also known as kaposis sarcoma ksassociated herpesvirus, is the etiologic agent responsible for all types of ks. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv8positive plasmablastic lymphoma is a disease which correlates with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aids. Human herpesvirus 8 as the infectious cause of kaposi sarcoma. Pulmonary manifestations of human herpesvirus8 during hiv. Hhv8 enhances the expression of insulin receptors, supports the accumulation of neutral. Immunocompetent hhv8infected adults frequently shed hhv8 in their oropharyngeal secretions. The predominant route of hhv 8 transmission is sexual.
Although the majority of pediatric ks cases occur in subsaharan africa, a rise in pediatric. The members of this family are also known as herpesviruses. Definition of human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 medicinenet. The family name is derived from the greek word herpein to creep, referring to spreading cutaneous lesions, usually involving blisters, seen in flares of herpes simplex 1, herpes simplex 2 and herpes zoster shingles.
None of the subjects without ks had detectable levels of hhv. Hhv8 is involved in the pathophysiological features of multicentric castlemans disease mcd and primary effusion lymphoma pel, both rare bcell lymphoproliferative diseases. Pdf kaposis sarcoma ks associated with hhv8 is one of the common connective tissue malignancies especially in. Pdf characterization of human herpes virus 8 genotypes in. Herpesvirus definition is any of a family herpesviridae of doublestranded dna viruses that include the cytomegalovirus and epsteinbarr virus and the causative agents of chicken pox, herpes simplex, mareks disease, roseola infantum, and shingles. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 is associated with kaposi sarcoma ks, multicentric castleman disease mcd, and primary effusion lymphoma pel which occur almost exclusively in. Primary infection the symptoms and signs of primary infection with subsequent hhv8 seroconversion have been described in children, men who have sex with men msm, and immunocompromised hosts. New approaches to the treatment of human herpesvirus 8. Human herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8 from a dermatologic. Herpesviridae is a large family of dna viruses that cause infections and certain diseases in animals, including humans. A simian virus, called b virus, occasionally infects humans. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 is the infectious etiologic agent associated with kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric castleman disease.
Human gammaherpesvirus 8 wikispecies, free species directory. The predominant route of hhv8 transmission is sexual. The full hhv8 genome has been cloned, and its dna sequence has been determined. Human herpes virus 1 human herpes virus 1 hhv1 is also known as herpes simplex virus 1 hsv1. This page was last edited on 8 december 2019, at 21.
See virology, epidemiology, and transmission of human herpesvirus 8 infection and disease associations of human herpesvirus 8 infection. Measurements of human herpesvirus 8 viral load in blood. Human herpesvirus8 adult and adolescent opportunistic infection. Both epsteinbarr virus ebv and hhv8 belong to the gammaherpesvirus subfamily, and the latter is classified as a human g2herpesvirus. Human herpesvirus 8 partly shares the predilection of its 2 siblings for latency in lymphoid tissues but has a more variable. Summary human herpesvirus 8 hhv8, also known as kaposis sarcomaassociated herpesvirus kshv, discovered in 1994, is a human rhadinovirus gamma2 herpesvirus. Human herpesvirus 8 a novel human pathogen virology. Kaposis sarcomaassociated herpesvirus kshv is the ninth known human herpesvirus. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv8, also called kaposis sarcomaassociated virus, is a recently discovered human tumor virus. Herpesvirus type 18 in bal fluid from hiv1infected. Kaposi sarcomaassociated herpesvirus kshv, also known as human herpesvirus 8 hhv8, is a recent addition to the list of human viruses that are directly associated with lymphoproliferative disorders.
Subsequently, the virus was identified in solid lymphomas. The viruses are known by numbers as human herpes virus 1 through 8 hhv1 hhv8. See virology, epidemiology, and transmission of human herpesvirus 8 infection and diagnosis and antiviral therapy of human herpesvirus 8 infection. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The prevalence of antibodies against hhv8 varies substantially across. Herpesvirus, any virus belonging to the family herpesviridae. A herpesvirus that contributes to the development of kaposi sarcoma, an otherwise rare form of cancer sometimes seen in aids patients, and to some bcell lymphomas. Unlike other human herpesviruses herpes simplex virus, epsteinbarr virus, varicellazoster virus, cytomegalovirus, hhv6, and hhv7, it is not widespread in the general population and has many unique proteins. The seroprevalence of human herpesvirus8 hhv8also known as kaposi sarcomaassociated herpesvirus kshvvaries worldwide and is estimated to be 1% to 5% in the general u. Genital herpes, herpes simplex2 a herpesvirus that is most commonly transmitted sexuallyonly 5% of venereal herpes is caused by hhv1, and rare under age 15 and primarily affects the body below the waist, causing venereal, vulvovaginal, and penile herpetic ulcers.
Herpesvirus definition of herpesvirus by the free dictionary. Images of kaposi sarcomahuman herpesvirus 8, from the va hivaids website. Rta, mainly encoded by open reading frame 50 orf50, is the product of an immediateearly gene of human herpesvirus8 hhv8 kaposis sarcomaassociated herpesvirus. Similar to hhv6, including the ability to cause at least some cases of exanthem subitum roseola infantum. The associations between kshv also known as human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 for taxonomic purposes and kaposis sarcoma among other diseases are discussed in more detail below. Kaposi sarcomaassociated human herpesvirus, or human herpesvirus 8 hhv8, dna sequences were first identified in 1994 using representational difference analysis on kaposi sarcoma ks and healthy tissue from a patient seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus hiv.
Epidemiologic evidence and the recent identification of herpesviruslike dna sequences in patients with ks have suggested a role for viral agents in the etiopathogenesis of this disease. The prevalence of the eight human herpesviruses was determined by polymerase chain reaction in 91 samples of bronchoalveolar lavage bal fluid from 72 hivinfected patients with 91 episodes of. Kshv was first shown to be involved in multicentric castleman disease and primary effusion lymphoma pel. Ovine herpesvirus 2 an overview sciencedirect topics. Diagnosis the development of diagnostic testing for human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 has been hampered by the lack of a cell line that can serve as a culture system for isolating the virus from tissue or. The virus is highly cell associated and has not been readily identified as free virus in plasma except in immunosuppressed hivinfected patients. Primary human herpesvirus 8 infection in immunocompetent. We report that ectopically expressed rta protein could also. Kaposi sarcomaassociated herpesvirushuman herpesvirus 8. Transmission of a malignant new growth by means of a cellfree filtrate. Humantohuman spread may be either by sexual or nonsexual transmission, including transplantation of hhv8 contaminated bone marrow and organs pica and volpi, 2007. The genome is a linear, doublestranded dna of about 165 to 170 kilobases in length. Oncogenic and latentpersistent viruses belonging to both dna and rna groups are known to cause serious metabolism alterations.
Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. In africa, the increase of kaposi sarcomaassociated herpesvirus kshvhhv8. Herpesviruses comprise a large dna genome enclosed in a large and complex protein cage called a capsid see the perspective by heldwein. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 is believed to cause kaposis sarcoma, and the vascular lesions of kaposis sarcoma resemble the plexiform lesions of primary pulmonary hypertension. The closely homologous hhv6 and hhv7 are ubiquitous, with nearly universal prevalence in persons older than 6 years.
In contrast to other herpesviruses which are not associated with malignancy, epsteinbarr virus ebv and human herpesvirus type 8 hhv8, also known as kaposi sarcomaassociated herpesvirus kshv, can cause certain cancers. In 1994, chang, moore, and colleagues 1 reported that they had discovered dna sequences of a new herpesvirus in kaposis sarcoma tumor tissue. Pdf the role of human herpesvirus 8 and epsteinbarr. It is unclear if these sequences are present in all types of ks and if the copy number of these sequences has a correlation. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv8, kaposis sarcomaassociated herpesvirus, kshv was identified from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome aidsassociated kaposis sarcoma in 1994. Apply for and manage the va benefits and services youve earned as a veteran, servicemember, or family memberlike health care, disability, education, and more. Autoactivation of the rta gene of human herpesvirus8. This novel herpesvirus has and continues to present challenges to define its scope of involvement in human disease. Dai and zhou used electron microscopy to determine a highresolution structure of the hsv1 capsid bound to. The herpesvirus family includes herpes simplex virus type 1 hsv1, which causes cold sores, and type 2 hsv2, which causes genital herpes. Such widespread prevalence of hhv8 in the hivnegative population has not been substantiated even by the most sensitive serologic techniques.
Human herpesvirus 7 hhv7 hhv7 is a recently 1990 described tlymphotropic. The epidemiology of the two major and best studied types of malignant catarrhal fever viruses ie, those caused by alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 and ovine herpesvirus 2 within their reservoir, welladapted hosts, differs significantly. Hhv8 has been detected in aidsassociated and nonaids. Rta is a transcriptional activator that is both necessary and sufficient to disrupt viral latency and activate the expression of downstream viral lytic genes. Primary infection the symptoms and signs of primary infection with subsequent hhv 8 seroconversion have been described in children, men who have sex with men msm, and immunocompromised hosts. Here we report the discovery and partial characterization of a novel herpesvirus tentatively named bufonid herpesvirus 1 bfhv1 from severe dermatitis in free. In 1994, chang and moore reported on the latest of the gammaherpesviruses to infect humans, human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 1.
Human herpesvirus8, kaposi sarcoma, and aidsassociated. Of the viruses that infect humans, hhv8 is most closely related to the gammaherpesvirus ebv. This virus causes kaposis sarcoma, a cancer commonly occurring in aids. Human herpesvirus hhv8 is an oncogenic gamma herpesvirus that was first described in 1994 in kaposi sarcoma lesions.
Pdf on jul 1, 1996, mario corbellino and others published the role of human herpesvirus 8 and epsteinbarr virus in the pathogenesis of giant lymph node hyperplasia castleman s disease find. Overview of herpesvirus infections infectious diseases. Pdf documents can be viewed with the free adobe reader. Among these, the human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 infection induces stable modifications in biochemistry and cellular metabolism, which in turn affect its own pathological properties.
Of the more than 100 known herpesviruses, 8 routinely infect only humans. Herpesvirus2 definition of herpesvirus2 by medical. It is typically the cause of cold sores around the mouth. Despite significant advances in understanding the biology and natural history of. Human herpesvirus infections are endemic and sexual contact is a significant method of transmission for several including both herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 hsv1, hsv2, also human cytomegalovirus hhv5 and likely karposis sarcoma herpesvirus hhv8. It infects almost all children by 3yo and persists lifelong, with the shedding of infectious virus in saliva. Herpesvirus definition of herpesvirus by medical dictionary. Characterization of human herpes virus 8 genotypes in kaposis sarcoma patients in tehran, iran. Springer nature is making coronavirus research free.
Kaposis sarcoma ks is the most common neoplasm in patients with aids. The new virus, known as kaposis sarcoma herpesvirus or human herpesvirus 8 hhv8, is now widely believed to be a necessary cause of kaposis sarcoma 2. An additional route is via blood contact among injection drug users. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. This work investigated the risk factors involved in hhv8 transmission based on the promoter arthropod hypothesis. Three recently discovered members of the human herpesvirus hhv family are hhv6, hhv7, and hhv 8. Human herpesvirus8 adult and adolescent opportunistic. Pneumonia is still a major problem in human immunodeficiency virus hivinfected patients, and despite extensive investigation the aetiology remains unknown in many cases. Like other herpesviruses, its informal names are used interchangeably with its formal ictv name. To determine the prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 seropositivity among women who are known to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 hiv1 or who are at high risk for hiv. Expression of human herpesvirus 8 in primary pulmonary. Human herpesvirus 8 an overview sciencedirect topics. Human herpesvirus 8 synonyms, human herpesvirus 8 pronunciation, human herpesvirus 8 translation, english dictionary definition of human herpesvirus 8.
The seroprevalence of human herpesvirus 8 hhv 8 also known as kaposi sarcomaassociated herpesvirus kshvvaries worldwide and is estimated to be 1% to 5% in the general u. Human herpesvirus 8 hhv8 has recently been implicated in the development of kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion bcell lymphoma, and multicentric castleman disease of the plasmacell type. Human herpesvirus 8 disease pediatric opportunistic. These viruses are pathogenic diseasecausing in a wide variety of animals, causing disease in humans, monkeys, birds, frogs, and fish the herpesviruses are characterized structurally by virions virus particles measuring approximately 150200 nm 1 nm 10.