The authors have presented more than 100 short intensive courses on shellandtube heat exchangers, closed feed water heaters, and tubular exchanger inspection, maintenance, and repair in the united states, canada, and europe. In general the tubes in the heat exchanger undergoes expansion when there is a temperature gradient, now if both side of the tubes are firmly fixed then it may bulge as there is no provision for expansion in order to avoid this the tube side bundl. R sekulib university of kentucky introduction a heat exchanger is a device that is used for transfer of thermal energy enthalpy between two or more fluids, between a solid surface and a fluid, or between solid particulates and a. Special designs are available for particulate ladened air streams, corrosive applications, high temperatures, and high pressures. This revolutionary solution eliminates heat exchanger failure for industry leading equipment life without any maintenance.
Fixed tubesheet exchangers, utube exchangers, floating head exchangers. If you know the scope, steps and activities, schedule, resources and cost plan can be developed easily and monitored. Inspection and test plan for shell and tube heat exchanger. Lewin heat exchanger design shellandtube heat exchangers 12 fixed head 12 floating head. Gbt 294652012 shell flangerear head end of floating heat exchangers ics 23. The hard coke fragments can originate in the reactor overhead line or in the main fractionator and often become dislodged following a unit shutdown.
The coke fragments generally accumulate on the exchanger tube sheets at the inlet to the tubes resulting in an excessive pressure drop and loss of heattransfer duty. Floating head heat exchanger on sales quality floating. These standards include a threeletter designation of the exchanger type that specifies overall mechanical layout in the form. Floating head shell and tube exchangers floating head exchangers are used when the media being handled causes fairly rapid fouling and the temperature creates expansion problems. There are two main categories of shell and tube exchanger. Tubes can be cleaned mechanically, chemically, water blasted or steam cleaned. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. With high reliability and wide adaptability, floating head heat exchanger has accumulated a wealth of experience during the long term using process, and promoted its. Floating head type shell and tube heat exchanger so as to make removal of the tube bundles possible and to allow for considerable expansion of the tubes, a floating head exchanger is used. Floating head versus u tube heat exchanger chemical. A floating head heat exchanges is a type of shell and tube device with several components, including tubes, tube sheets, shell and shellside nozzles, tubeside channels and nozzles, channel covers, a pass divider and baffles. Floating head designs of head exchangers in an effort to reduce thermal stresses and provide a means to remove the tube bundle for cleaning, several floating rear head designs have been established. Shell and tube exchangers an overview sciencedirect topics. The manufacturer shall carry out the inspections required by the asme code, customer.
Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Tubular heat exchanger inspection, maintenance, and repair. In this, exchanger tubes are fixed at both the ends of the floating and stationary tubes sheet. Defining the major tema constructions and identifying their advantages, limitations and applications suitable for each type can be advantageous to your process. Internal floatinghead exchanger article about internal. If no flame disturbances are observed, proceed to step 2. An example of hard coke fouling is solid coke fragments circulating through the slurry exchanger tubes and restricting flow through the exchanger. Heat transfer equipment may be designated by type or function it performs, such as chiller, condenser, cooler reboiler, etc. Feb 23, 2000 this comprehensive reference covers all the important aspects of heat exchangers hestheir design and modes of operationand practical, largescale applications in process, power, petroleum, transport, air conditioning, refrigeration, cryogenics, heat recovery, energy, and other industries. The heat exchanger inspection article provides you with information about the inspection of the heat exchanger and heat exchanger testing during the manufacturing phase, as well as inservice inspection in operating units. This approach means inspection of the shell can take place without the need to remove the tube bundle. Since 1979, he has consulted on a variety of problems with process and power generation heat exchanger problems. Generally, both the shell and tube bundle are free of expansion, this permits no thermal stress is produced between shell.
However, the term is commonly used to equipment in which two process streams exchange heat with each other. Dec 16, 20 most process shellandtube heat exchangers are manufactured to tubular exchanger manufacturers association tema standards. The coke fragments generally accumulate on the exchanger tube sheets at the inlet to the tubes resulting in an excessive pressure drop and loss of heat transfer duty. Heat exchanger design handbook kuppan thulukkanam this comprehensive reference covers all the important aspects of heat exchangers hes. Exchanger manufacturers association, sample problem book for 6th edition. Part i, analysis, design and inspection, 363373, asme, new york.
There are a variety of methods of inspecting or testing heat exchangers. Find out information about internal floating head exchanger. Look for floating flames, flame roll out or flame distortion. These and other components are described in the heat exchanger design handbook. Continuation details install back cover with gasket water pump raise the pressure up to value given by inspection discharge the water, remove pg and. Heat exchanger heat exchanger evaporative condenser receiver compressors compressors brine supply receiver. Tubesheets in fixed and floating head heat exchangers. The documentation book furnace heat exchanger failure. As shown in the name of it, in this design, one end of the tubesheet is fixed to the shell, while the other one can float freely inside the shell. This heat exchanger requires periodic cleaning, replacement of tubes etc. Floating head is fitted to the tube sheet which is away from the channel. Sonomatic provides a range of inspection and integrity services for heat exchangers and tubing. Searching documents and internet sources the following is what i found on heat exchanger inspection methods and sources.
Above these temperature differences problems of differential expansion arise. We deliver effective nonintrusive inspection nii for heat exchanger vessels and apply this approach widely to the shell side. Floating head heat exchanger design tema api anson. The documentation book furnace heat exchanger failure the. There are several rear header types that can be used but the stype rear head is the most popular. A pullthrough floating head exchanger with an integral shell cover may be. The floating tubes sheet is clamped between the floating head and a clamp ring. A practical guide for planning, selecting and designing of shell and tube exchangers takes users on a stepbystep guide to the design of heat exchangers in daily practice, showing how to determine the effective driving temperature difference for. Inspection and test plan for shell and tube heat exchanger important points. Internal floatinghead exchanger article about internal floatinghead exchanger by the free dictionary. Shell and tube heat exchangers are one of the most popular types of exchanger due to the flexibility the designer has to allow for a wide range of pressures and temperatures. Aesaet these units are the most expensive of the removable bundle designed units. Jun 01, 2002 tema is a set of standards that defines the heat exchanger style and machining and assembly tolerances to be employed in the manufacture of a given exchanger.
Furnace heat exchanger documentation book highly informative book contains over 363 high resolution photos of heat exchanger failure, representing 109 different furnaces. The choice of shell and tube type is determined chiefly by factors such as the need for the provision for differential movement between shell and tubes, the design pressure, the design temperature, and the fouling nature of the fluids rather than the function. It is specially designed to be completely stressfree to promote longer equipment life and virtually no maintenance. Heat transfer by shell and tube heat exchangers tema. Floating tube heat exchangers offer unheard of resistance to the thermal stress and fatigue common in every other type shell and tube heat exchanger.
On a floating head, the secondary tubesheet is small enough to pass through. Aug 18, 2014 this presentation is about maintenance procedure for floating head heat exchanger. The planning process starts by finding out what data is needed from the inspection. Floating head heat exchanger is one of the most used heat exchanger. Lewin heat exchanger design shellandtube heat exchangers 12 fixed head 12 floating head 7 6 plant design daniel r. Two fluids can exchange heat, one fluid flows over the outside of the tubes while the. Floating tube sheet diameter is kept slightly smaller than the inner shell diameter so that the entire tube bundle can be removed from the channel end. The invention discloses an assembly for a pressure test of a floating head type heat exchanger. A floating head is excellent for applications where the difference in temperature between the hot and cold fluid causes unacceptable stresses in the axial direction of the shell and tubes. Floating head is held in position by a split backing ring so that dismantling is possible. Selecting tema type heat exchangers 20020601 process. Heat exchanger inspection training the inspector camera. Split ring type heat exchanger floating head joint leak. Heat exchanger inspection free download as pdf file.
Plate type heat exchangers all inspection and maintenance is to be. Removable bundle, outside packed floating head designs such as this type bep allow easy tube bundle removal and inspection and cleaning of the shell circuit and shell interior. Exchanger inspection 101 free download as powerpoint presentation. A floating head exchanger is suitable for the rigorous duties associated with high temperatures and pressures but is more expensive typically of order of 25% for carbon steel construction than the equivalent fixed tubesheet exchanger. In addition, a number of different head and shell designs are. Tubeandshell heat exchanger in which the tube sheet at one end of the tube bundle is free to move explanation of internal floating head exchanger. The assembly comprises a doublecylinder assembly which is connected with a side flange on a shell of a floating head. Mar 05, 2020 floating head is fitted to the tube sheet which is away from the channel. The floating tube heat exchanger is unlike any shell and tube heat exchanger. Reflecting the authors extensive practical experienc. Heat exchanger tube bundle extraction process duration. Tube bundle can be removed for cleaning and inspection.
They need the documentation book for furnace heat exchanger failure. Inspection of the entire length of heat exchanger tubes however brings along a few extra challenges. The tubes may be permanently positioned inside the shell fixed tubesheet exchanger or may be removable for ease of cleaning and replacement floating head or utube exchanger. This standard specifies the floating head heat exchanger including heat exchanger and condenser with external bonnet side flange hereinafter referred to as side flange structure type and family size. Fixed and floating head heat exchanger constructions find widespread. Advantages and disadvantages of fixed tube sheet heat exchanger advantages. These are used when shell side fluid is clean and nonfouling. A heat exchanger is a devices used to transfer heat between mediums. Heat exchanger inspection heat exchanger pipe fluid. Jan 25, 2018 the floating tubes sheet is clamped between the floating head and a clamp ring. This presentation is about maintenance procedure for floating head heat exchanger. Heat exchangers jordan university of science and technology. Induceddraft furnace heat exchanger inspection procedure. Illustrates the shell and u tube type heat exchangers commonly.
When migrating the old forums over to our new forums we were unable to retain the identity of the authors, so the old posts will show up as anonymous. Heat exchangers floating heads or tube bundles manufacture of. The welding and testing procedures in these instances shall be mutually agreed. In floating head type heat exchanger, fluid runs through the tubes and another fluid flows over the tubes which transfer the heat between these two fluids. Mockup test is made when required by purchase order or contract. Gbt 294652012 shell flangerear head end of floating heat exchangers. Feb 26, 2015 14 floating head heat exchanger pg check bundle to shell gasket sealing check back cover gasket sealing fill shell side by water drain floating head heat exchanger shell side final hydrotest.
Heat exchanger inspection planning inspectioneering. Floating head heat exchanger with removal bundle a fixed tube sheet heat exchanger is the cheapest because of the ease of fabrication. Completely revised and updated to reflect current advances in heat exchanger technology, heat exchanger design handbook, second edition includes enhanced figures and thermal effectiveness charts, tables, new chapter, and additional topicsall while keeping the qualities that made the first edition a centerpiece of information for. These are commonly used up to temperature difference of 9095 c.
These heat exchangers are made from quality metal which is corrosion resistant and withstands tough weather condition. Floating head heat exchanger on sales quality floating head. Iimaterials and section vnon destructive testing are also relevant. What is the function of floating head in heat exchanger. Identification, visual appearance and dimensions, weld control, pt, section of weld, macroobservation, hardness check of weld metal and heat affected zone are checked as required. This is a handson tech teaching tech workshop on greatly increasing your abilities at finding failure using the inspector camera. Sample activities for heat exchanger cleaning and inspection work activities and work steps are very useful information. Along the length of the tubes tube tube sheet joints can be visually inspected and standard ndt techniques, like penetrant testing or magnetic testing can be utilized. The term heat exchanger applies to all equipment used to transfer heat between two streams. Heat exchanger design handbook mechanical engineering. Tubeandshell heat exchanger in which the tube sheet at one end of the tube bundle is free to move explanation of internal floatinghead exchanger. Fixed and floating head heat exchanger constructions find widespread application in the power and process industries. The simplest is a pullthrough design which allows the tube bundle to be pulled entirely through the shell for service or replacement.
Completely revised and updated to reflect current advances in heat exchanger technology, heat exchanger design handbook, second edition includes enhanced figures and thermal effectiveness charts, tables, new chapter, and additional topicsall while keeping the qualities that made the first edition a centerpiece of information for practicing engineers, research, engineers, academicians. Find out information about internal floatinghead exchanger. Like with most equipment, inspection planning is essential for the successful inspection and maintenance of heat exchanger tubulars. Third party inspection for shell and tube heat exchanger. Fixed tube sheet heat exchanger chemical engineering world. We have been facing frequent failures in floating head joint of split ring type shell and tube heat exchangers. Tubes can expand freely, the channel head and shell cover arrangement are convenient for inspection, and the tube bundle can be removed easily for cleaning. The ring which is split in half to permit dismantling is placed at the back of the tube sheet shows the details of a split ring assembly.
Tema stands for tubular exchanger manufacturers association, the tarrytown, n. Head off heat exchanger errors chemical processing. Both ends of u tube are fixed in the same tube sheet. In the focus on finding failure advanced class for heat exchanger inspection training, each technician will learn how to increase their ability to be truly focused on finding failure to incredible levels. Floating head heat exchanger is widely used for the service where the temperature is high between the shell and tube bundle, or the dirty service, like the petroleum refinery.
So please participate and share knowledge just as you have in the past. By passing of shell side fluid is minimum due to minimum clearance between the shell. Understanding heat exchanger reading 03 part 2 of 2 the aramco std. All new posts will show up credited to their authors. This comprehensive reference covers all the important aspects of heat exchangers hestheir design and modes of operationand practical, largescale applications in process, power, petroleum, transport, air conditioning, refrigeration, cryogenics, heat recovery, energy, and other industries. We have included on that figure the nomenclature to be used in subsequent derivations. Floating head exchangers are used when the media being handled causes fairly rapid fouling. Most process shellandtube heat exchangers are manufactured to tubular exchanger manufacturers association tema standards. A floating head cover is bolted to the tube sheet and the entire bundle can be removed for cleaning and inspection of the interior. This type of exchangers consists of tubes which are bent in the form of a u. Fixed and floating head pressure comparison for madison. So please participate and share knowledge just as you have in. Exchanger inspection 101 corrosion heat exchanger scribd.